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The title canon ''Episcopi'' (also ''capitulum Episcopi'') is conventionally given to a certain passage found in medieval canon law. The text possibly originates in an early 10th-century penitential, recorded by Regino of Prüm; it was included in Gratian's authoritative Corpus juris canonici of c. 1140 (''Decretum Gratiani'', causa 26, quaestio 5, canon 12) and as such became part of canon law during the High Middle Ages. It is an important source on folk belief and surviving pagan customs in Francia on the eve of the formation of the Holy Roman Empire. The folk beliefs described in the text reflect the residue of pre-Christian beliefs at about one century after the Carolingian Empire had been Christianized. Its condemnation of the belief in witchcraft was an important argument used by the opponents of the witch trials during the 16th century, such as Johann Weyer. The conventional title "canon ''Episcopi''" is based on the text's incipit, and was current from at least the 17th century.〔Pedro Antonio Iofreu, ''(Defensa del Canon Episcopi )'', in Pedro Cirvelo (ed.), ''Tratado en el qual se repruevan todas las supersticiones y hechizerias '' printed by Sebastian de Cormellas (1628)〕 ==Textual history== It is perhaps first attested in the ''Libri de synodalibus causis et disciplinis ecclesiasticis'' composed by Regino of Prüm around 906.〔 pp. 75–82. (【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://libro.uca.edu/lea4/8lea9.htm )〕 It was included in Burchard of Worms' ''Decretum'' (compiled between 1008 and 1012), an early attempt at collecting all of Canon law The text was adopted in the ''Decretum'' of Ivo of Chartres and eventually in Gratian's authoritative ''Corpus juris canonici'' of c. 1140 (causa 26, quaestio 5, canon 12). Because it was included in Gratian's compilation the text was treated as canon law for the remaining part of the High Middle Ages, until Roman Catholic views on European witchcraft began to change dramatically in the late medieval period.〔Alan Charles Kors, Edward Peters, ''Witchcraft in Europe, 400-1700: a documentary history'', University of Pennsylvania Press, 1972, pp. 28-31; 2nd revised ed. 2001, ISBN 978-0-8122-1751-3, pp. 72-77.〕 The text of Gratian is not the same as the one used by Burchard, and the distinctive features of the ''Corrector'' text were thus not transmitted to later times. The text of Regino of Prüm was edited in Patrologia Latina, volume 132; the ''Decretum'' of Burchard of Worms in volume 140. The text of Burchard's ''Corrector'' has been separately edited by Wasserschleben (1851),〔Wasserschleben, ''Die Bussordnungen der abendländischen Kirche'', Halle, 1851.〕 and again by Schmitz (1898).〔 H. J. Schmitz, ''Die Bussbücher und das kanonische Bussverfahren'', vol. 2, Düsseldorf, 1898, pp. 381-467. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Canon Episcopi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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